Unraveling the Influence of Cartels in Mexico: A Battle for Security

Drug trafficking in Mexico is a multibillion-dollar industry that is deeply intertwined with the country’s history and present. Cartels, criminal organizations that control the drug trade, have their origins in the 19th century. However, it wasn’t until the late 20th century that these cartels gained the power and influence they have today.

Today, major players such as the Sinaloa Cartel, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, the Gulf Cartel, and Los Zetas dominate large areas of Mexico. Their influence permeates every aspect of Mexican life, from economics to politics, creating a complex relationship with the Mexican government. Cartels have infiltrated government institutions, leading to widespread corruption. Despite government efforts ranging from military operations to legislative reform, their grip remains strong.

Cartel activity has had a devastating impact on Mexico’s security. Violence and crime have skyrocketed, with kidnapping and extortion becoming alarmingly common. The impact is not limited to Mexico; it is spilling over into the U.S., increasing drug availability and gang violence.

Socio-economically, cartels are major employers, especially in regions with limited employment. However, this comes at a high cost. The tourism industry suffers from violence, which affects the lives of countless Mexicans. Daily life is characterized by fear and mistrust, with citizens constantly facing the threat of violence and corruption.

Efforts to combat the cartel’s influence include military and law enforcement operations targeting high-level figures, international cooperation with agencies such as the U.S. DEA, and legal reforms to weaken the cartel’s finances. Grassroots movements, such as the Self-Defense Forces in Michoacán, also play a major role in resisting the cartel’s control.

Looking ahead, the fight against cartels in Mexico is expected to be long and challenging. As older cartels are dismantled, newer and potentially more violent groups may emerge. A holistic approach—beyond militaristic tactics—is needed, focusing on socioeconomic development, strengthening institutional integrity, and enforcing legal reforms to restore peace and stability to Mexico.

As someone with extensive experience in border security, having served as Chief of Staff at U.S. Customs and Border Protection and now leading Intermediate partners—a firm specializing in cross-border trade and development—I invite you to join the conversation about Mexico’s ongoing fight against cartels. How can international cooperation and local initiatives work together to combat this influence? Share your thoughts in the comments or Contact Us to investigate how Intermediate partners can work with you to develop innovative solutions to improve security and stability in the region.