Mexican Congress Approves Controversial Bill to Make All Judges Electable

MEXICO CITY (AP) — Mexico’s lower house of Congress on Wednesday approved controversial legislation that would introduce the most sweeping judicial reform in a century, requiring all judges to run for office.

In a marathon session that saw lawmakers forced to convene in a gymnasium after protesters blocked the Congressional building, the House approved the constitutional measure 359-135 in an initial vote along party lines. The measure, which requires a two-thirds majority, was expected to pass by a similar margin in a necessary runoff vote later Wednesday before heading to the Senate.

Mexico’s ruling party claims that judges in the current legal system are corrupt and wants the country’s entire judiciary, some 7,000 judges, to stand for election.

Critics say the constitutional changes would be a blow to the independence of the judiciary, and question how such large-scale elections can be held without drug cartels and criminals putting forward their own candidates.

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has long railed against courts that have blocked some of his construction projects and policies because they violate constitutional and legal norms. The president has vowed for months to quickly implement a series of measures, including overhauling the judiciary and a proposal to eliminate nearly all independent oversight and regulatory bodies.

The Senate vote was expected to be extremely close, although the president’s party appeared poised to win the one vote it missed there. If the bill were to pass the Senate, it would be sent to Mexico’s 32 state congresses, where it would have to be approved by most of them. López Obrador’s party controls a majority of the states.

Critics say the measure will undermine Mexico’s system of checks and balances.

“We should erect a wall of shame that says, ‘Today begins the fall of our Republic.’ And it should have the date and all the faces of the Morena congressmen on it,” shouted Paulina Rubio Fernández, a PAN congresswoman, before the vote.

Wednesday’s vote was made possible by López Obrador’s Morena party and its allies, which won an overwhelming majority in the June 2 election.

The all-night session came after protesters blocked the entrance to Mexico’s congressional building on Tuesday in an attempt to force a debate on justice reform.

The overhaul has fueled a wave of protests by judges, court workers and students across Mexico in recent weeks, reaching a new tipping point on Tuesday when demonstrators strung ropes across the entrances to the lower house of Congress to block lawmakers from entering. That came as the country’s Supreme Court voted 8-3 to join the strikes, further intensifying the protests.

“The party with the majority could take control of the judiciary, and that would practically mean the end of democracy,” said protester Javier Reyes, a 37-year-old federal court worker. “They want to own Mexico.”

Under the current system, judges and court clerks, who act as assistants to judges, slowly qualify for higher positions based on their track records. But under the proposed changes, any lawyer with minimal qualifications would be able to apply, with some candidates being determined by drawing names from a hat.

Mexico’s courts have long been plagued by corruption and opacity, but over the past 15 years they have undergone reforms to make them more open and accountable, replacing many closed, paper-based trials with a more open format of oral arguments.

Both at home and abroad, there are reports that the new changes could be a setback in efforts to clean up the courts.

U.S. Ambassador Ken Salazar said Tuesday that there is “a lot of concern” and claimed the changes “could seriously damage relations, and I’m not alone in saying that.” Salazar has pointed to the election of judges as his biggest objection to the reform, noting that it would negatively impact investment and the Mexican economy.

López Obrador said last week that he was putting ties with the embassies of the United States and Canada “on pause” after the two countries expressed concerns about the proposed judicial overhaul.

President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum, López Obrador’s closest ally, again defended the reform Tuesday night, writing on the social media platform X that it “will not affect our commercial relations, nor national or foreign private investments. On the contrary, there will be more and better rule of law and more democracy for all.”

“If judges, magistrates and ministers are elected by the people, where is the authoritarianism?” she added.

The proposed changes would affect about 7,000 judges at various levels and would introduce a time limit for judges to rule on many cases, to counter the tendency for some trials to stretch out over decades. More controversially, the reforms would also introduce “hooded judges” to preside over organised crime cases; their identities would be kept secret to prevent reprisals.

And the courts would be largely stripped of their power to block government projects or laws based on citizen appeals. It would also almost certainly ensure that the president’s party retains significant political power long after López Obrador leaves office at the end of the month.

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